Alloy of iron.



UNITED srnrns PATENT orricn.

JAMES RAMSEY SPEER, OF TRAPPE, MARYLAND.

ALLOY OF IRON. 1

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I,-JAMns RAMsnY SPEER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Trappe, in the county of Talbot and State of Maryland, have invented new and useful Improvements in Alloys of Iron, of which the following is a specification.

My invention, broadly stated, relates to alloys of ironcontaining a larger percentage. of chromium than nickel. While I do not fix any definite percentage which the chromium must. have over the nickel, I prefer that the nickel shall range from .25%1% of the total alloy and that the chromium shall range from .5% to 1.5% thereof. I have obtained most excellent results by having the quantity of nickel in the neighborhood of of the quantity of chromium, and generally speaking I prefer that these two elements have this relationship to each other. Specific analysis of castings hereinafter set forth will illustrate some of the proportions of nickel and chromium Wherein I regard the quantity of nickel as being in the neighborhood of 50% of the quantity of chromium, but theseanalyses are to be taken merely as illustrative, as the proportions of the nickel and chromium might be somewhat changed from the said analyses and still have the nickel in the neighborhood of 50% of the chromium. In the claims, the word, substantially, is to be understood to have the meaning of the phrase in the neighborhood of, as above used.

In making castings from my alloy, the iron, chromium and nickel have been accompanied with silicon, sulfur, phosphorus, manganese, and carbon, but, in the broader aspects of my invention, my invention is not limited to any particular elements which accompany the iron, chromium and nickel. The elements above named may be accom- -wholly'eliminated, at least, in the commercial manufacture of iron and steel. As I cannot prevent their presence inmy product, I retain for my best products as small amounts ofthem as practicable with the methods employed for the manufacture of my alloy. Sulfur and phosphorus may be regarded as impurities which may be elimiofabrasion'or wear under heat.

of my alloy is several times longer than the Specification of Letters Patent. I Patented July 28,1914. Application filed February 24,- 1914. Serial No. 820,566.

nated in some cases so far as practicable with the mode of manufacture or retained in other cases to such a degree as not to make the articles undesirable for the purposes required. I a u I regard my invention as including cast 11'011 alloys comprising the elements and substantially the percentages following: Silicon over .1% to 3%; chromium .5% to 1.5%; nickel 25% to 1%; sulfur over .05% to 2%; phosphorus over 12% to 1.5%; manganese o er 115% to 1%; and total carbon 1% to O- The control of the silicon and carbon is as essential as in usual foundry practice, and

these elements must vary in a wide range.

follows s1. s. P. Mn. Total 0. Ni. Cr

The percentage of iron remains about the same in all cases for castings of similar sec tions and weights, and the aggregate total of the other elements remains about the same in all cases, and if the percentage of one or'more of these elements is increased or diminished the others or some of them will be correspondingly decreased or in creased within .the limits of good manufacturing practice. The articles made according to these analyses were hard and resistant to the action The life best grade of cast iron. I regard the amount of nickel in each of these analyses to be approximatelv or in the neighborhood of fifty per cent. of the quantity of chromium. My alloy like cast iron may be cut and turned by machine tools. Under the acetylene torch, it is as resistant as castiron, and in its inability to show elasticity or elongation or reduction of area it resembles cast iron. It is more brittle than adamite which. is the subject-matter, of Letters Patent, No. 1,071,364 granted August 26, 1913, to myself and William L. Forster. It is intermediate in quality between cast iron and ads.- mite and is suitable for manufacturing the cheaper grades of rolling millplugs and pipe balls, brake shoes, and various other articles where abrasion and not high tensile strength determine the use and where precision of-analysis to correspond to use is not so vital.

It is feasible, and probably for commercial purposes most advisable, to produce my alloy in a cupola or like furnace.

When the sections of my alloy vary and are not uniform, it is advisable to anneal it to give it uniform strength and hardness. In this feature, my alloy is very much like steel. Castings having large sections may be hardened in the air by exposing them to the air as promptly as can be done without affecting their solidity. But I do not limit myself to the use of this method alone.

I claim 1. As a new article of manufacture, an

' iron alloy containing the following elements in substantially the following proportions: silicon over .1% to 3%; chromium .5% to 1.5%; nickel 25% to 1%; sulfur over .05% to 2% phosphorus over 12% to 1.5% manganese over .45% to 1%; and total carbon 1% to 4%. 1

2. As a new article of manufacture, an

alloy containing silicon, sulfur, phosphorus, manganese, carbon, nickel, chromium, and iron, the quantity of nickel being approximately fifty per cent. of the quantity of chromium. Y

3. As a new article of manufacture, an alloy containing silicon, sulfur, phosphorus, manganese, carbon, nickel, chromium, and

iron, the quantity of chromium being largely in excess of the quantity of nickel.

4:- An alloy containing iron, silicon, manganese, carbon, nickel, and chromium, the quantity of chromium being largely in excess of the quantity of nickel.

5. An alloy containing iron, silicon, sulfur, phosphorus, manganese, carbon, nickel, and chromium, the quantity of manganese ranging from about .45 4?) to about 1% of the total alloy.

6. An alloy containing iron, silicon, sulfur, phosphorus, manganese, carbon, nickel and chromium, the quantityof sulfur ranging from about .05% to about 2% of the total alloy. I

7. An alloy containing iron, silicon, sulfur, phosphorus, manganese, carbon, nickel, and chromium, the quantity of phosphorus ranging from about 12% to 1.5% of the total alloy.

" 8. As a new article of manufacture, an

alloy containing silicon, sulfur, phosphorus,

manganese, carbon, nickel, chromium, and iron, the quantity of chromium being in excess of the quantity of nickel.

Signed at Augusta,,Georgia this 12th day of February 1914:.

JAMES RAMSEY SPEER. l/Vitnesses:

H. A. FLIsoH, FRANK E. PETIT. 

